ICAR Apple Orchard Spray Cost Calculator

ICAR Orchard Spray Cost Calculator

Basic Assumptions

Spray costs consist of two components: insecticide material cost and spray application cost (fixed + variable).
Spray volume per kanal is taken as 60 L for 1–5 yr old plants, 100 L for 5–10 yr old plants, 160 L for 10–20 yr old plants, and 300 L for >20 yr old plants in case of traditional orchards.
In medium-density orchards, spray volume per kanal is taken as 111 L for 1–2 yr old plants, 222 L for 2–5 yr old plants, and 444 L for >5 yr old plants.
In high-density orchards, spray volume per kanal is taken as 167 L for 1–2 yr old plants, 250 L for 2–5 yr old plants, and 418 L for >5 yr old plants.
Insecticide dosages follow label, CIB&RC, and SKUAST-K advisories; costs based on lowest bulk market prices as of June 1, 2024.
Use of a company or product name does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that also may be suitable.
Power sprayer specifications: 6.5 HP petrol engine, 200 ft pipe, 10-year life, ₹35,000 purchase price, ₹33,000 current list price, average use of 10 sprays per season, 10 kanal orchard and 100 hrs annual use.
Depreciation calculated by ASA&BE and Straight-Line methods; salvage value 10% (Straight-Line) or 50% at 5 years (ASA&BE).
Interest rate: 8% (real) derived from 13% nominal minus 5% inflation.
TIH: 3% of average machine value annually (1% tax, 0.5% insurance, 1.5% housing).
Variable costs include repairs (10% of purchase price per year), fuel, lubrication, and labour.
Fuel consumption: 1.48 L/hr (petrol @ ₹100.31/L); lubrication: 15% of fuel cost.
Labour: Two workers @ ₹700/day each, adjusted +20% for non-field time.
Spray efficiency: Two labour units can spray 200 L/hr; cost = ₹210/hr total.
Orchards classified based on spray volume needed for labour requirement: Type I (<200 L/kanal) and Type II (200–450 L/kanal).
Equipment and water available near orchard; no rental or transport downtime included.

Reference

Shah, M. A., Tramboo, H. A., Rehman, S. A., Parvez, B., Nabi, S. U., Raja, W. H., Malik, G., Jaiswal, R., Mir, J. I., Sharma, O. C., & Verma, M. K. (2025). Estimation of the cost of insecticide application in apple orchards (Reference No. CITH/PME/2025/02, Edition 01, p. 28). ICAR-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, J&K, India.